Tuesday, 3 January 2012

...Butter, butter, butter.

Butter is a fatty, semi-solid substance with a greasy texture made by churning cream. In many cases butter is mostly made from cow's milk.

Butter is found in sauces (the flour and butter mixtures such as beurre manié and roux, bernaise sauce and hollandaise sauce), pastries (butter cream, flaky pastries), creams and soups. It's a basi ingridient in cooking and is used on bread an toast.

A lot of ingridients can be added to cold butter to obtain  flavored butters for seasoning grills, fish, snails, seafod, vegetables, soups and canapés.

In the fridge, prefereably covered butter to keep it away from foods that might give ir a bad taste.

Avoid heating butter over high heat: it can be used in combination with oil, which means it won't break down as a quickly, so heat the oil first, then add the butter. It doesn't lend itself well to high temperatures cooking, as its fats break down at temperatures of 250°F - 120°C. Butter heat to this level turns brown and releases acrolein, an indigestible and toxic substance that may reaise blood cholesterol levels

Butter can be clarified, which is to say its whey solids can be removed. It then becomes limpid like oil and can stand up to frying.

Per 10 g of butter 22 mg of cholesterol.


Monday, 2 January 2012

Standard Cuts


The following cuts are a sample of the varieties found in a professional kitchen.



Chapati "the most common roti"


Chapati - Thin, light-textured unleavened bread made from whole wheat flour. Common in central and southern India, "chapati" is prepare in a hot griddle known as a "tava". Chapati dough is used to prepare a number of rotis, common daily breads. This pita-like bread is best served with spicy curry dishes.


Indian Breads "Rotis"

Many tpes of bread are made throughout india. in the northern states, they constitute an essential part of every meal, supplying fundamental nutrients and a utensil to eat with. Ranging from deep fried to "tandoor" baked, indian breads can be soft and warm or thinh and crisp. They provide the ideal accompaniment for saucy vegetarian curries and chunky meat dishes. A lot of breads are a sample of varieties found in India.


Common Chinese Ingredientes

Grains
Barley - Corn - Millet - Rice - Sorghum - Wheat

Staple Ingredients
Millet - Rice - Soybeans - Wheat

General Flavor Profile
Garlic - Ginger - Green onions - Soy sauce

Condiments and Cooking Liquids
Bean sauce - Broad bean paste - Chili paste - Chinese rice vinegar (white, red and white) - Duck sauce - Hoisin sauce - Hot bean paste - Oyster sauce - Plum sauce - Rice wine - Salted black beans - Sesame oil - Sesame paste - Soy sauce (light/thin, dark/thick) - Sweet-salty sauce

Seasonings
Anise seeds - Chiles - Cinnamon - Dried shrimp - Fennel seeds - Fermented black beans - fice-spice powder - Garlic - Ginger - Green onions - Star anise - Szechwan pepper


Fresh, Dried and Pickled Fruits and Vegetables, and Beans and Legumes 
Azuki beans - Bamboo shoots - Bean sprouts - Carrots - Chinese broccoli - Chinese cabbage (bok choy) - Chinese celery - Chrysanthemus greens - Daikon radishes - Dried black mushrooms - Dried citrus peel (orange and tangerine) - Dried fungus (cloud ear and wood ear) - Lotus roots and seeds - Melons (fuzzy and winter) - Mung beans - Mushrooms - Mustard greens - Napa cabagge - Onions - Potatoes - Pumpkins - Seaweed (zicai, kelp, agar agar and facai) - Taro - Tiger lily buds - Spinach - Sweet potatoes - Water chestnuts - Watercrees

Proteins
-Fowl (chicken, duck, goose, pigeons)
-Fresh water fish (carp, catfish, perch, salmon, shad, trout)
-Game(armadillos, deer, hare, partridge, raccoons, roebucks, quail, tortoises, wild ducks)
-Meat (beef, lam, mutton, pork)
-Seafood (clams, crabs, fish, lobster, prawns, oysters, scallops, shrimp, squid, cuttle fish)
-Soybean (tofu, sauce, milk, sprouts)
-Wheat gluten

Sweeteners
Brown sugar - Rock sugar

Sunday, 1 January 2012

Approximate Temperature Conversions

Coldest area of freezer (-10°F  |  -23°C)

Frezer (0°F  |  -17°C)

Water freezes (32°F  |  0°C)

Water simmers (115°  |  46°C)

Water scalds (130°  |  54°C)

Water boil (212°F  |  100°C)

Soft ball (234°F  |  112°C)

Firm ball (244°F  |  117°C)

Hard ball (250°F  |  121°C)

Very low oven (250° - 275°F  |  121° - 133°C)

Low oven (300° - 325°F  |  149° - 163°C)

Moderate oven (350° - 375°F  |  177° - 190°C)

Hot Oven (400° - 425°F  |  204° - 218°C)

Very hot oven (450° - 475°F  |  232° - 246°C)

Extremely hot oven (500° - 525°F  |  260° - 274°C)

Simply "Enchiladas"

The word means chilied. Tortillas enchiladas are corn tortillas "softened in hot oil and then dipped or cooked in a chili sauce, Originally, they were served without fillings and topped with a little Mexican white cheese. Tex Mex enchiladas are typically rolled with a filling of either meat or cheese, then garnished with a little more sauce and cheese.